Bart Johannes Mooren | Luminous Minds

Winnaar Dutch Daylight Student Award 2026
Project type: Design

Luminous Minds

Throughout history, libraries have played a vital role in preserving and disseminating knowledge. Initially, they served as exclusive repositories for manuscripts and books, accessible only to an elite group of scholars, rulers, and religious figures. Early libraries, such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece were closely tied to centers of governance and learning, emphasising control over knowledge. As libraries evolved, their role expanded beyond mere storage. During the medieval period, libraries were often integrated into monasteries and cathedrals, where ornate architecture and intricate detailing reflected both religious devotion and intellectual prestige. The grand and monumental libraries of later centuries further reinforced the notion of knowledge as a symbol of power and enlightenment (Lushington et al., 2016; Kececi, 2024).

The architectural design of early libraries played a crucial role in shaping the user experience. Limited access to daylight was a defining feature, influenced by both practical and symbolic considerations. As early libraries were primarily designed to preserve rare and valuable collections of books, scrolls and manuscripts, their enclosed nature helped to protect these collections from physical deterioration and unauthorised access. At the same time, this exclusivity reinforced their perception as institutions reserved for the elite. However, medieval libraries were not entirely dark; they often incorporated controlled natural light that allowed scribes to work effectively. Since artificial lighting did not yet exist, library interiors were often dimly lit, resulting in a somewhat somber atmosphere (Malman, 2009).

The transition of libraries from exclusive archives to dynamic learning spaces was a gradual process, accelerating with the invention of the printing press in 1439. The mass production of books led to increased accessibility and democratisation of knowledge. This evolution continued into the 18th and 19th centuries, with the establishment of public libraries that prioritised accessibility and enlightenment for all. Modern libraries have continued this trend, shifting from static book repositories into dynamic learning environments, characterised by open, flexible spaces that emphasise user-friendliness, accessibility, engagement, and comfort. A key aspect of this transformation is the growing integration of both natural and artificial light to shape the spatial experience1 while enhancing cognitive engagement2 and overall well-being (Lushington et al., 2016).

This shift underscores a pivotal challenge in library design: the creation of environments that simultaneously support cognitive performance3 and knowledge acquisition4 while ensuring an optimal spatial experience. Lighting plays a crucial role in achieving this balance. Natural light has been shown to enhance the spatial experience, improve concentration and learning, and support cognitive engagement by regulating circadian rhythms5 and increasing alertness (Çelik et al., 2024). However, the benefits of natural light must be carefully managed to avoid glare, visual discomfort and potential distractions. Conversely, artificial lighting provides greater control over environmental conditions; however, if not designed effectively, it can disrupt the ambiance and hinder cognitive performance (Baeza Moyano et al., 2020). The challenge lies in developing an optimal lighting strategy that balances the interaction between light, the built environment, and the neurological processes involved in user-driven knowledge acquisition and cognitive performance

Ontdek de Design paper